ARTYKUŁ PRZEGLĄDOWY
Zastosowanie laserów w stomatologii zachowawczej i endodoncji. Przegląd piśmiennictwa

The use of lasers in conservative dentistry and endodontics. Literature review

Natalia Kruk, Marika Wróbel, Anna Surdacka

Streszczenie
Współczesne urządzenia laserowe stały się wartościowym narzędziem w nowoczesnym i rozwijającym się gabinecie stomatologicznym. Właściwości światła lasera są wykorzystywane w różnych dziedzinach stomatologicznych i często stanowią alternatywę dla konwencjonalnie wykonywanych zabiegów. Lasery wykazują działanie biostymulacyjne, przeciwbólowe, odkażające oraz przeciwobrzękowe. Zastosowanie laseroterapii w codziennej praktyce lekarza dentysty jest nową dziedziną, stąd duża liczba badań prowadzonych w warunkach in vitro czy badań klinicznych. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest omówienie podziału laserów stosowanych w stomatologii zachowawczej i endodoncji, a także ich wpływu na tkanki twarde i miazgę zębów.

Abstract
Modern laser devices have become a valuable tool in contemporary and developing dental offices. The properties of laser light are used in various dental fields and are often an alternative to conventional treatments. Lasers have bio-stimulating, analgesic, disinfecting, and anti-oedematous effects. The administration of laser therapy in the daily practice of a dentist is an emerging field, resulting in a sizeable quantity of in-vitro studies or clinical trials. The purpose of this study is to discuss the division of lasers used in conservative dentistry and endodontic treatment, as well as their effects on hard tissue and dental pulp.

Hasła indeksowe: laser, próchnica, leczenie endodontyczne, diagnostyka próchnicy, nadwrażliwość zębów

Key words: laser, caries, endodontic treatment, caries diagnostics, tooth hypersensitivity

Piśmiennictwo

1. Merigo E, Fornaini C, Clini F i wsp. Er:YAG laser dentistry in special needs patients. Laser Ther. 2015; 24(3): 189-193.
2. Abdelkarim-Elafifi H, Arnabat-Artés C, Parada-Avendaño I i wsp. Aerosols generation using Er,Cr:YSGG laser compared to rotary instruments in conservative dentistry. A preliminary study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021; 13(1): e30-e36.
3. Matys J, Grzech-Leśniak K. Dental aerosol as a hazard risk for dental workers. Materials (Basel). 2020; 13(22): 5109.
4. Kumar SR, Srikumar GPV. Lasers and its applications in conservative dentistry. A review. Annals and Essences of Dentistry. 2017; 9(1): 1c-6c.
5. Luk K, Zhao IS, Gutknecht N i wsp. Use of carbon dioxide lasers in dentistry. Laser Dent Sci. 2019; 3: 1-9.
6. Schelle F, Polz S, Haloui H i wsp. Ultrashort pulsed laser (USPL) application in dentistry. Basic investigations of ablation rates and thresholds on oral hard tissue and restorative materials. Lasers Med Sci. 2014; 29(6): 1775-1783.
7. Saydjari Y, Kuypers T, Gutknecht N. Laser application in dentistry. Irradiation effects of Nd:YAG 1064 nm and diode 810 nm and 980 nm in infected root canals – a literature overview. Biomed Res Int. 2016; 2016: 8421656.
8. Dembowska E. Lasery w stomatologii. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Czelej, 2015.
9. Simon M, Pradeep S, Duraisamy R i wsp. Role of lasers in endodontics. A review. Drug Invent Today. 2018; 10: 1881-1886.
10. Pendyala C, Tiwari RVC, Dixit H i wsp. A contemporary apprise on lasers and its applications in dentistry. Int J Oral Health Med Res. 2017; 4(2): 47-51.
11. Walsh LJ. The current status of laser applications in dentistry. Aust Dent J. 2003; 48(3):146-155.
12. Convissar RA. Laser dentistry in 2020. Technology excels while training has flaws, Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2020; 41(1): 50-53.
13. Pesevska S, Nakova M, Ivanovski K i wsp. Dentinal hypersensitivity following scaling and root planing. Comparison of low-level laser and topical fluoride treatment. Lasers Med Sci. 2010; 25(5): 647-650.
14. Rezaei-Soufi L, Taheri M, Fekrazadas R i wsp. Effect of 940 nm laser diode irradiation prior to bonding procedure on postoperative sensitivity following class II composite restorations. A split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2021; 36(5): 1109-1116.
15. Moosavi H, Maleknejad F, Sharifi M i wsp. A randomized clinical trial of the effect of low-level laser therapy before composite placement on postoperative sensitivity in class V restorations. Lasers Med Sci. 2015; 30(4): 1245-1249.
16. Femiano F, Femiano R, Lanza A i wsp. Effectiveness on oral pain of 808-nm diode laser used prior to composite restoration for symptomatic non-carious cervical lesions unresponsive to desensitizing agents. Lasers Med Sci. 2017; 32(1): 67-71.
17. Bello-Silva MS, Wehner M, Eduardo C de P i wsp. Precise ablation of dental hard tissues with ultra-short pulsed lasers. Preliminary exploratory investigation on adequate laser parameters. Lasers Med Sci. 2013; 28(1): 171-184.
18. Rechmann P, Rechmann BM, Groves WH Jr i wsp. Caries inhibition with a CO2 9.3 μm laser. An in vitro study. Lasers Surg Med. 2016; 48(5): 546-554.
19. Neves Ade A, Coutinho E, De Munck J i wsp. Caries-removal effectiveness and minimal-invasiveness potential of caries-excavation techniques: a micro-CT investigation. J Dent. 2011; 39(2): 154-162.
20. Issar R, Mazumdar D, Ranjan S i wsp. Comparative evaluation of the etching pattern of Er,Cr:YSGG & acid etching on extracted human teeth. An ESEM analysis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(5): ZC01-5.
21. Pires PT, Ferreira JC, Oliveira SA i wsp. Shear bond strength and SEM morphology evaluation of different dental adhesives to enemel prepared with Er:YAG laser. Contemp Clin Dent. 2013; 4(1): 20-26.
22. Swimberghe RCD, Buyse R, Meire MA i wsp. Efficacy of different irrigation technique in simulated curved root canals. Lasers Med Sci. 2021; 36(6): 1317-1322.
23. Eliasz W, Kubiak K. Wykorzystanie laserowej przepływometrii dopplerowskiej w diagnostyce stanu miazgi i tkanek okołowierzchołkowych – opis przypadku. Dent Forum. 2020; 48(1): 30-34.
24. Prażmo EJ, Godlewska RA, Mielczarek AB. Effectiveness of repeated photodynamic therapy in the elimination of intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. An in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci. 2017; 32(3): 655-661.
25. Guderian DB, Loth AG, Weiß R i wsp. In vitro comparison of surgical techniques in times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Electrocautery generates more droplets and aerosol than laser surgery or drilling. Eur Arch of Otorhinolaryngol. 2021; 278(4): 1237-1245.
26. Kocak N, Cengiz-Yanardag E, Clinical performance of clinical-visual examination, digital bitewing radiography, laser fluorescence, and near-infrared light transillumination for detection of non-cavitated proximal enamel and dentin caries. Lasers Med Sci. 2020; 35(7): 1621-1628.
27. Moriyama CM, Rodrigues JA, Lussi A i wsp. Effectiveness of fluorescence-based methods to detect in situ demineralization and remineralization on smooth surfaces. Caries Res. 2014; 48(6): 507-514.
28. Park KJ, Voigt A, Schneider H i wsp. Light-based diagnostic methods for the in vivo assessment of initial caries lesions. Laser fluorescence, QLF and OCT. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021; 34: 102270.
29. Cîrligeriu L, Sinescu C, Boariu M i wsp. The importance of early diagnosis for hydroxyapatite remineralisation in enamel caries. Rev Chim. 2015; 66(9): 1477-1479.
30. Özateş Z, Koç N, Boyacıoğlu H i wsp. Evaluation of the consistency of images obtained with the DIAGNOcam device between different observers in the diagnosis of interface caries. Clinical Dentistry and Research. 2020; 44(3): 75-79.
31. Almaz EC, Simon JC, Fried D i wsp. Influence of stains on lesion contrast in the pits and fissures of tooth occlusal surfaces from 800-1600-nm. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2016; 9692: 96920X.
32. Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS i wsp. Applications of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (lasers) for restorative dentistry. Med Princ Pract. 2016; 25(3): 201-211.
33. Hernik A, Nijakowski K. DIAGNOcam jako nowa metoda diagnostyczna do wczesnego wykrywania ubytków próchnicowych – przegląd piśmiennictwa. W: Nyćkowiak J, Leśny J (red.). Badania i rozwój młodych naukowców w Polsce. Nauki medyczne i nauki o zdrowiu. Cz. 8. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Młodzi Naukowcy; 2018, s. 60-65.
34. Wędrychowicz-Welman A, Prymas A, Lewandowski P. Diagnostyka próchnicy powierzchni żujących zębów bocznych metodą fluorescencji laserowej. Dent Med Probl. 2007; 44(2): 207-213.
35. Pretty IA, Ekstrand KR. Detection and monitoring of early caries lesions. A review. Eur Arch of Paediatr Dent. 2016; 17(1): 13-25.
36. Abdelaziz M, Krejci I. DIAGNOcam – A near infrared digital imaging transillumination (NIDIT) technology. Int J Esthet Dent. 2015; 10(1): 158-165.
37. Eliasz W, Raczkowski M, Surdacka A. Caries Detection with DIAGNOCam. A Review. J Dent Forecast. 2018; 1(1): 1-3.
38. Davoudi A, Sanei M, Badrian H. Application of laser irradiation for restorative treatments. Open Dent J. 2016; 10: 636-642.
39. Olivi G, Caprioglio C, Olivi M i wsp. Paediatric laser dentistry. Part 2. Hard tissue laser applications. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2017; 18(2): 163-166.
40. Swetha HB, Dhamodaran T, Kini A i wsp. Uses of lasers in endodontics. J Adv Clin Res Insights. 2016; 3: 33-37.
41. Amudhalakshmi K, Nandhini A, Sharmila MS i wsp. Lasers in conservative dentistry and endodontics. A review. JDMS. 2016; 15(9): 125-130.
42. Prażmo EJ, Godlewska R, Kwaśny M i wsp. Udział czynników wirulencji Enterococcus faecalis w rozwoju chorób miazgi i tkanek okołowierzchołkowych. Post Mikrobiol. 2016; 55(3): 247-254.
43. Prażmo EJ, Kwaśny M, Łapiński M i wsp. Photodynamic therapy as a promising method used in the treatment of oral diseases. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2016; 25(4): 799-807.