Okluzja jako znaczący czynnik powodzenia leczenia implantoprotetycznego – praca poglądowa

Occlusion as a significant factor for the success of implantoprosthetic treatment – review

Andrzej Lemański, Małgorzata Kozak, Ewa Sobolewska

Streszczenie
Do jednego z ważniejszych osiągnięć współczesnej stomatologii bez wątpienia można zaliczyć leczenie implantoprotetyczne. Od kilku dekad implantologia stomatologiczna prężnie się rozwija i oferuje coraz doskonalsze rozwiązania. Obecnie przeżywalność implantów w perspektywie 10-letniej sięga 96%, jednocześnie należy pamiętać, że w ciągu 5 lat połowa wszczepów zostaje dotknięta powikłaniami. Do najczęstszych zalicza się powikłania mechaniczne, te natomiast są ściśle powiązane z nieprawidłową okluzją. Należy zauważyć, że implanty dentystyczne charakteryzują się odmiennymi cechami biomechanicznymi w porównaniu do zębów naturalnych. Znajomość oraz uwzględnienie tych istotnych różnic w procesie terapeutycznym może pozwolić klinicyście uniknąć niepowodzeń i komplikacji oraz zapewnić wyższą jakość leczenia. Jedne z istotniejszych różnic to brak amortyzującej funkcji ozębnej oraz brak ruchomości implantów, co dyktuje inne postępowanie kliniczne aniżeli w przypadku uzupełnień zębów naturalnych.

Abstract
One of the most important achievements of modern dentistry is implant-prosthetic treatment. For several decades, dental implantology has been dynamically developing and offering more and more perfect solutions. Currently, the 10-year survival of implants reaches 96%, at the same time it should be remembered that within 5 years, half of the implants are affected by complications. Mechanical complications are one of the more common disorders and these are closely related to abnormal occlusion. It should be noted that dental implants have different biomechanical features in relation to natural teeth. Awareness and taking into consideration these important differences in the therapeutic process can allow the clinician to avoid failures and complications and ensure higher quality of treatment. One of the most important differences is the lack of protective periodontal function and the lack of mobility of the implants, which is dictated by a different clinical procedure than in the case of restorations on natural teeth.

Hasła indeksowe: okluzja, implanty dentystyczne, wszczepy dentystyczne, leczenie implantoprotetyczne

Key words: occlusion, dental implants, implantoprosthetic treatment

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