Aleksandra Szczygielska, Joanna Zasada, Andrzej Gala, Katarzyna Lepszy, Małgorzata Pihut

Streszczenie
Jednym z etapów przygotowawczych do leczenia protetycznego jest ocena prawidłowości leczenia endodontycznego, bowiem zarówno szczelna odbudowa protetyczna zęba, jak i prawidłowo wykonane leczenie endodontyczne warunkują o długofalowym rokowaniu zęba. W celu ułatwienia wspomnianej oceny zastosować możemy skalę PAI (Periapical Index) przedstawioną przez Ørstavika czy tę podaną przez Strindberga, odnoszące się do obrazowania przy użyciu narzędzia diagnostycznego jakim jest zdjęcie punktowe. Nierzadko zachodzi konieczność zastosowania możliwości przedstawienia skomplikowanej anatomii korzeni zęba z wykorzystaniem obrazowania trójwymiarowego CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography). W odniesieniu
do tej klasyfikacji zastosowanie znajduje modyfikacja klasyfikacji Ørstavika‑CBCT PAI.

Abstract
One of the preparatory stages of prosthetic treatment is the assessment of the correctness of endodontic treatment, as both seal‑tight prosthetic restoration of the tooth and properly performed endodontic treatment determine the success of overall treatment. In order to assess this, the Ørstavik PAI (Periapical Index) scale and the Strindberg scale are used. They refer to the imaging with a diagnostic tool such as a standars dental x‑ray. It is often necessary to use the possibility of presenting the complex anatomy of the tooth roots using CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography). With regard to this classification, a modification of the Ørstavik classification‑CBCT PAI‑is mostly applicable.

Hasła indeksowe: leczenie endodontyczne, wypełnienie kanałów korzeniowych,
ocena radiologiczna
Key words: endodontic treatment, root canal filling, radiographic examination

Piśmiennictwo
1. Doyle SL, Hodges JS, Pesun IJ i wsp. Retrospective cross sectional comparison of initial nonsurgical endodontic treatment and single‑tooth implants. J Endod. 2006; 32(9): 822‑827.
2. Farzaneh M, Abitbol S, Lawrence HP i wsp. Treatment outcome in endodontics: the Toronto Study. Phase II: initial treatment. J Endod. 2004; 30(5): 302‑309.
3. Marquis VL, Dao T, Farzaneh M i wsp. Treatment outcome in endodontics: the Toronto Study. Phase III: initial treatment. J Endod. 2006; 32(4): 299‑306.
4. Elemam RF, Pretty I. Comparison of the Success Rate of Endodontic Treatment and Implant Treatment. ISRN Dent.; 2011. Online: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2011/640509/[dostęp: 26.08.2020].
5. Siqueira Jr JF. Aetiology of root canal treatment failure: why well‑treated teeth can fail. Int Endod J. 2001; 34(1): 1‑10.
6. Pawlicka H, Prociów A. The causes of endodontic treatment failures – review of literature. Czas Stomatol. 2007; 60(2): 81‑87.
7. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S i wsp. Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re‑treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998; 85(1): 86‑93.
8. Hommez GM, Coppens CR, De Moor RJ. Periapical health related to the quality of coronal restorations and root fillings. Int Endod J. 2002; 35(8): 680‑9.
9. Asgary S, Shadman B, Ghalamkarpour Z i wsp. Periapical status and quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations in Iranian population. Iran Endod J. 2010; 5(2): 74‑82.
10. Kalender A, Orhan K, Aksoy U i wsp. Influence of the quality of endodontic treatment and coronal restorations on the prevalence of apical periodontitis in a Turkish Cypriot population. Med Princ Pract. 2013; 22(2): 173‑177.
11. Ray HA, Trope M. Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. Int Endod J. 1995; 28(1): 12‑18.
12. Loftus JJ, Keating AP, McCartan BE. Periapical status and quality of endodontic treatment in an adult Irish population. Int Endod J. 2005; 38(2): 81‑86.
13. Covello F, Franco V, Schiavetti R i wsp. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and quality of endodontic treatment in an Italian adult population. Oral Implantol (Rome). 2010; 3(4): 9‑14.
14. Ørstavik D, Kerekes K, Eriksen HM. The periapical index: a scoring system for radiographic assessment of apical periodontitis. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1986; 2(1): 20‑34.
15. Wu MK, Shemesh H, Wesselink PR. Limitations of previously published systematic reviews evaluating the outcome of endodontic treatment. Int Endod J. 2009; 42(8): 656‑666.
16. Strindberg LZ. The dependence of the results of pulp therapy on certain factors. Acta Odontol Scand. 1956; 14(21): 1‑175.
17. Tyndall DA, Kohltfarber H. Application of cone beam volumetric tomography in endodontics. Aust Dent J. 2012; 57(1): 72‑81.
18. Mozzo P, Procacci C, Tacconi A. A new volumetric CT machine for dental imaging based on the cone‑beam
technique: preliminary results. Eur Radiol. 1998; 8(9): 1558‑1564.
19. Esposito S, Cardaropoli M, Cotti E. A suggested technique for the application of the cone beam computed tomography periapical index. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011; 40(8): 506‑512.
20. Estrela C, Bueno MR, Azevedo B i wsp. A new periapical index based on cone beam computed tomography. J Endod. 2008; 34(11): 1325‑1331.
21. Bołtacz‐Rzepkowska E, Tkaczyński P. Monitorowanie leczenia endodontycznego na podstawie przykładów własnych. Mag Stomatol. 2013; 5: 84‑92.
22. Schilder H. Filling root canals in three dimentions. J Endod. 2006; 32(4): 281‑290.
23. European Society of Endodontology. Quality guidelines for endodontic treatment: consensus report of the European Society of Endodontology. Int. Endod J. 2006; 39(12): 921‑930.
24. Huumonen S, Ørstavik D. Radiographic follow‑up of periapical status after endodontic treatment of teeth with and without apical periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig. 2013; 17(9): 2099‑2104.
25. Szadowski M, Wojtowicz A, Iwanicka‑Grzegorek E. The analysis of selected clinical and anatomical factors in decision making: the tooth or implant. Review of the literature. Part II. Implant and prosthetic aspects. Nowa Stomatol. 2013; 4: 205‑210.